In the UK, not all the waters contain carp. Usually you have to pay $20 a day for the privilage to fish a carp water. All the good fishing holes are private and member only, with waiting lists years long. I did not catch my first carp until I was in my 20's when I could afford the day ticket.
Carp do not fare well in clear or moving waters, preferring muddy holes.
I am not including crucian carp in the above statements, as they are a very different animal, rarely growing much more than 6ozs, the record is 4Lb 9oz. The biggest I ever caught was 15ozs, at Blenheim palace (my uncle worked there).
If the carp senses or feels the hook or line, it will eject the offering. For this reason, carp anglers use hair rigs. This involves tying a short piece of spagetti (uncooked!) to 1/2Lb mono. Thread the line through the compacted bait with a needle. Then insert the spagetti into the bait to hold. Tie the leader to the hook, such that the bait trails the hook by about 2". The carp mouths the bait and once happy, sucks the bait in, along with the hook.
Anglers either buy preformed baits, called boilies or make their own concoctions. A few web searches should reveal lots of recipes.
Dave